class Solution {
 public:
  vector<int> preorder(Node* root) {
    if (!root)
      return {};

    vector<int> ans;
    stack<Node*> stack{{root}};

    while (!stack.empty()) {
      root = stack.top(), stack.pop();
      ans.push_back(root->val);
      for (auto it = rbegin(root->children); it != rend(root->children); ++it)
        stack.push(*it);
    }

    return ans;
  }
};

class Solution {
  public List<Integer> preorder(Node root) {
    if (root == null)
      return new ArrayList<>();

    List<Integer> ans = new ArrayList<>();
    Deque<Node> stack = new ArrayDeque<>();
    stack.push(root);

    while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
      root = stack.pop();
      ans.add(root.val);
      for (int i = root.children.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i)
        stack.push(root.children.get(i));
    }

    return ans;
  }
}